We study how the immune system protects against viruses and bacteria without causing excessive harm to organs like the lungs, heart, and kidneys. We need a small amount of blood to study how immune cells ("white blood cells") turn on important proteins when they sense a bacteria or virus nearby.

Have you been infected with COVID-19? Are you a solid organ transplant recipient? Have you or your child received a COVID-19 vaccine or are planning to receive one? If so, you may be eligible to participate in a research study that will assess your immune response to COVID-19 infection or vaccination over a 5 year period. We are looking for children and adults aged 7-95 years, and plan to collect blood every 2-6 months over the study period. (Compensation provided for the first year).